Software Development Life Cycle

Today we’ll break down what it really means to secure your software across its entire life cycle. While SOC 2 might feel abstract, it actually maps neatly onto the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) by outlining practical steps for each stage of building, releasing, and maintaining code. Let’s look at key areas and explore some actionable examples and tools that can help you strengthen your security posture.

Access Control

Related SOC2 Controls

• CC6.1 - Logical Access: Ensures secure access to software development environments and prevents unauthorized changes.

• CC6.2 - User Access: Implements controls for onboarding and offboarding users who access software and development environments.

• CC6.3 - Role-Based Access Control: Ensures developers and other stakeholders have the least privilege necessary for their tasks.

• CC6.8 - Malware Protection: Controls to prevent malicious software introduction, which is critical in SDLC​.

Example: Restricting who can approve or merge code changes, regularly rotating access credentials, and enforcing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all developers.

Tools & Approaches: Use role-based access control (RBAC) within GitHub or GitLab, integrate MFA solutions like Okta, and maintain an approval workflow that requires senior engineer sign-off.

Build Process Retention

Example: Preserving build logs, old releases, and code history to conduct effective incident investigations. If a CI system is compromised, having historical data means you can pinpoint when and how a threat was introduced.

Tools & Approaches: Utilize artifact repositories such as Nexus or Artifactory, store old builds in Amazon S3 or Google Cloud Storage, and integrate log management tools like Splunk or ELK for historical tracking.

Changelog

Related controls

• CC8.1 - Change management

Example: Providing clear, accessible documentation for all product changes ensures that self-hosted customers know exactly what updates they’re installing.

Tools & Approaches: Use Git tags and GitHub Releases to summarize updates, maintain a public changelog in Markdown, and use automated release note generators like Release Drafter.

Code Reviews

Example: Mandating that every code change is reviewed by at least two human team members helps catch logical errors and security flaws before code is merged.

Tools & Approaches: Enforce branch protection rules in GitHub/GitLab, use built-in review assignment features, and consider implementing bots that remind teams when a review is pending.

Code Analysis—Static

Example: Running static analysis tools to detect vulnerabilities before code ever runs in production.

Tools & Approaches: Integrate CodeQL or SonarQube into your CI pipeline, monitor results in GitHub Actions, and configure automatic pull request checks to flag problematic code patterns.

Code Analysis—Dynamic

Example: Actively probing your running application with known attack patterns—such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting attempts—to uncover vulnerabilities that static tools might miss.

Tools & Approaches: Employ automated scanners like OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite, integrate dynamic scans into your staging environment, and review reports to fix discovered issues promptly.

Dependency Management

Example: Continuously scanning your libraries, containers, and images to identify and update outdated or insecure dependencies.

Tools & Approaches: Use Dependabot, Renovate, or Snyk to automate dependency checks, integrate container image scanning in your CI pipeline, and implement alerting for out-of-date packages.

Risk/Vulnerability and Testing

Related controls

• CC7.1 - Vulnerability Management: Requires periodic security reviews and vulnerability scanning of software applications.

• CC7.2 - Anomaly Detection: Implements continuous monitoring for security issues during software development.

• CC7.3 - Security Incident Evaluation: Ensures security events related to software changes are properly analyzed and mitigated​.

• Incident Response (CC7.4 - CC7.5)

Example: Combining manual testing by QA engineers with automated integration and unit tests to ensure new features don’t introduce security flaws.

Tools & Approaches: Maintain robust test suites using frameworks like Jest or pytest, run nightly integration tests in GitHub Actions or CircleCI, and schedule periodic security-focused testing sprints.

Signing: Binaries/Releases

Example: Signing your distributed binaries and release packages to assure customers they’re receiving authentic, untampered software.

Tools & Approaches: Use GPG for code and release signing, integrate signing steps in your CI pipeline, and distribute public keys so users can verify authenticity.

Signing: Code

Example: Verifying that every commit is from a known contributor, not an impersonator or malicious actor.

Tools & Approaches: Configure commit signing with GPG keys, enforce signature verification in GitHub, and consider developer hardware tokens (e.g., YubiKeys) for additional assurance.

Third-Party Pen Testing

Example: Hiring expert security professionals to go beyond automated checks and simulate real-world attack scenarios that are subtle and non-obvious.

Tools & Approaches: Engage trusted security firms, schedule periodic assessments, review their reports thoroughly, and track remediation efforts in your issue management system.

Conclusion

By incorporating these best practices into every stage of the SDLC, you’ll turn the high-level ideals of SOC 2 compliance into tangible, day-to-day security actions. In other words, SOC 2 isn’t just an abstract goal—it’s a practical, actionable framework when you know where to focus.

Until next time,

Adam